1、一线相对湿度传感器与读出仪表
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美国DALLAS SEMIconductor 公司为了说明自己的产品DS2438应用实例,对外推荐了如图(一)所示的一线温湿度传感器的电路,图(一)中相对湿度传感器选用了美国Honeywell公司生产的HIH3610。HIH3610是一个电压输出的三端集成湿度传感器,具有线性度好,精度高,性能稳定,0~100%RH非凝结态全范围可测量等突出优点,是湿度传感器应用最广的产品之一。
HIH3610的电压输出对应湿度关系为:
Vout=Vsupply{0.0062(sensorRH)+0.16} (1)
其中:Vout从DS2438 in端测得的电压值,Vsupply是实测供电电压值,sensorRH是环境温度在25℃时的相对湿度。
温度补偿关系为:
RH=(sensorRH)/(1.0546-0.00216T) (2)
RH为经过温度补偿的湿度值,T为实际环境温度值。
图一中DS2438是具有一线总线通讯接口的10位A/D转换器,片内包含一个高分辩率的数字温度传感器,可用于湿度传感器的温度补偿。供电电压可以取2.4V~10.0V之间,内部留有40字节的非易失性用户存贮器。实际应用中,Honeywell公司出厂的每一只传感器上都附带一个出厂单独标定的打印数据条,这是因为湿度传感器产品的参数分布具有一定的离散性。Honeywell公司在环境温度为25℃时,对传感器的两点电压进行测量标定,并提供给用户作计算依据:
1) 电源电压为5V时,环境湿度为0%RH时的零点补偿电压输出V0。
2) 氯化钠饱和溶液容器内空气相对湿度平衡点75.3%RH时的电压输出Vs。
用2点电压求出相对湿度的斜度:
Slope=(Vs-V0)/75.3 (3)
SensorRH=(Vout-V0)/ Slope (4)
把V0与Vs的值存入DS2438的非易失性存贮器中,实测时在一线总线上读出Vout、V0、、Vs,由一线总线仪表将SensorRH带入(1)(2)式,计算出测量的实际相对湿度值RH。
2、传感器实际修正方法
对于Honeywell公司标定的打印数据条我们有必要做一次重新验证。这是因为出厂时间不同,焊接元件对传感器本身存在影响,湿度敏感元件参数本身存在不确定偏差范围以及人为因素等。Honeywell公司用湿度零点V0与氯化钠饱合溶液相对湿度平衡点Vs做为基准参考点,由于真正意义上的V0不易取得,我们可以用另一种饱和盐溶液碳酸钾做基准参考点,用Vp表示。选择Vp、Vs是因为这两种盐的温度特性比其它盐都要好。
考虑在环境温度25℃条件下: RH≈sensorRH
测试应选择环境温度为25℃。令测试仪表执行(1)、(2)式的算法,根据经验:
①在氯化钠饱和溶液瓶内置入一线湿度传感器,盖瓶口后无热扰动,无日光直接照射条件下的三小时后可测得平衡态的相对湿度值RHsi。
②在碳酸钾饱和溶液瓶内置入湿度传感器,盖瓶口后约两小时后可测得平衡态下的相对湿度值RHpi。每隔二十分钟取值,两种饱合盐各取6次后,分别求平均值。测值如果不能与RHP=43.2,RHS=75.3相符,且超出偏差范围,可以确定需要对原来标定的数据进行修正,修正的方法如下:
设:对传感器Si读取的相对湿度值分别为Vpi、Vsi,可以看见若要使Li与Lo重合,必须对(3)式的V0、slope进行修正,先求出Li在相对湿度RH=0时,Voi在Vout上的截距。由于从测试仪表上读出的是湿度值RHsi,RHpi,打印纸条上数据Slope,V0为已知;
Vsi=RHsi·Slope+ V0
Vpi=RHpi·Slope+ V0
于是:V0i= Vsi-75.3Slopei (5)
Slopei=( Vpi-V0i)/43.2 (6)
解方程(5)、(6)得到:
V0i= V0+ (75.3RHpi-43.2RHsi)/32.1 Slope
Slopei= (RHsi-RHpi )/32.1 Slope
在仪表中赋予仪表一项修改V0,Slope的功能,就可以很方便地对一线温湿度传感器进行数值修正。
参考文献:
1) DALLAS SEMICONDUCTOR Date Book and CD ROM 2000
2) Honeywell Humdity sensor [ol] http://content.honeywell.com/sensing/prodinfo/huMIDItymoisture/009012_2.pdf
3) 王雨、贺为人 一线总线技术方案 《仪器仪表与传感器》 2003 08 P47-48